аЯрЁБс>ўџ (*ўџџџ'џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџьЅС)` №RП|bjbjѓъѓъ8‘€‘€|џџџџџџЄVVVVVVVjввввц jД pў3 5 5 5 5 5 5 $$hŒXY V   Y VVn ƒ ƒ ƒ  тVV3 ƒ  3 ƒ ƒ VVƒ ђ №,Š1@gЮвѓ ƒ 3 „ 0Д ƒ ф 4фƒ ƒ фV“  Zn@ƒ Ў4т/Y Y 7 LД     jjjdЮjjjЮjjjVVVVVVџџџџ  HYPERLINK "http://www.ent.iastate.edu/node/node/205" Exploting Insect Sensory Ecology through Identification of Synergisms and Applications for Integrated Pest Management Jaime Piёero (Assistant Professor / State Integrated Pest Management Specialist, Lincoln University of MissouriCooperative Research and Extension) Abstract Vision and olfaction are two key sensory modalities used by insect herbivores to locate and exploit host plants. A comprehensive understanding of the orientation and movement of the herbivore species as well as the factors that influence host-selection are crucial for the development of behaviorally-based Integrated Pest Management (IPM) systems. This presentation will be centred in providing examples of synergisms documented within (olfaction) and across (olfaction and vision) sensory modalities in three species of insect pests, two of which are native to Asia, at the level of behavior and neurophysiology. For plum curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar [Coleoptera: Curculionidae]), a key pest of stone and pome fruit in eastern North America, the focus will be on synergisms documented between aggregation pheromones and plant semiochemicals. For oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae]), an important pest of apple and peach and other pome and stone fruit in various regions of the world, synergisms were demonstrated at the level of behavior and neurophysiology (using calcium imaging) among five constituents of plants odors. For the melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae [Diptera: Tephritidae]), synergistic interactions in response to host-associated stimuli were demonstrated across two sensory modalities (vision and olfaction). These findings have resulted in novel monitoring and control approaches for insect pests using, for example, semiochemicals and visually-attractive bait stations. Combined findings emphasize the need to identify and exploit synergistic interactions among insect sensory modalities for the benefit of IPM in order to develop tools that do not unilaterally rely on one cue so that they are more likely to work more reliably under rapidly changing environmental conditions.   78ABЏАМНОП   C E F рХрХрХЏ•Šƒh•hP•h70hvghОLB*CJKHOJQJ^JaJo(ph/hП B*CJ^JaJfHo(phџqЪ џџџџ5hП hП B*CJ^JaJfHo(phџqЪ џџџџ hП hП hП hП CJaJ2hП hП B*CJ^JaJfHphџqЪ џџџџ*hОLB*CJKHOJQJ^JaJo(ph4hП hОL5CJKHOJQJ^JfHqЪ џџџџ=jhП hОL5CJKHOJQJU^JfHqЪ џџџџЏАНО E F G P z|ѓѓыыыыѓппжЪ $dШ1$a$gdП  dh1$gdП  $dh1$a$gdП $a$gdП  $dШ1$a$gdОL |§F G O P Ъ з и р Й У Ф Ы ь і ї yz{|швшЙЅЙЅЙЅЙЅЙЅЙЅЙ’{whc‘-hОLhОLB*CJKHOJQJ^JaJph$hП hОLCJKHOJQJ^JaJ&hП hОL6CJKHOJQJ]^J1hП hОLCJKHOJQJ^JfHqЪ џџџџ+hП CJKHOJQJ^JfHqЪ џџџџ.hП CJKHOJQJ^JfHo(qЪ џџџџ6&P 18:pјDuА‚. АЦA!А"А# $ %ААSАр Љ†œN@ёџN ck‡e $1$a$$CJKHPJ_HaJmH nHsH tH$A@ђџЁ$ иžЄ‹Еk=„W[SOBi@ѓџГB nfhˆ*phџ"X@Ђ" ОL:_Œ6]hўoёџ"h П Default1$7$8$H$1B*CJOJQJ^J_HaJmH nHphsH tH|џџџџЏАНОEFGPz~˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€ЏАНОEFz~Ÿљ%000€Ÿљ%00 €Ÿљ%00 €Ÿљ%00 DЇЇŸљ%000€Ÿљ%000ІŸљ%000І 0*0 F | | | 7A|XџŒџџіiЄџЋїiœ-ЋјiЬ ЋљiЌЋњiд ЋћiDяЊц  ƒ~ъ 55‡~8*€urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags€City€=*€urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags €PlaceType€=*€urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags €PlaceName€9*€urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags€place€ ЌlЖМ,ЧЮЪзиртьюћžЙУФЫкхьії  ~Ў~ЎАМGPz{~BBЎЎЏEFP{{~†^єJ.ц=;єJ.Тsвь ЈєJ.›КєJ.єJ.Тsв‹ KєJ.…rS&єJ.К`G,єJ.Вuз/єJ.`ѕ8єJ.т9ТFєJ.