韦革宏、焦硕等《Global Ecology and Biogeography》2023年
论文题目：The climate-driven distribution and response to global change of soil-borne pathogens in agroecosystems
论文作者：Ziheng Peng，Yu Liu，Jiejun Qi，Hang Gao，Xiaomeng Li，Qi Tian，XunQian，Gehong Wei，Shuo Jiao
论文摘要：
Aim: Soil- borne pathogens severely affect crop production, but the present distribution of agricultural soil- borne pathogens and their response to global changes are unexplored at large spatial scales. Here, we examine the nationwide-scale distribution patterns, dominant taxa and environmental drivers of fungal soil- borne pathogens, and their response to warming, nutrient enrichment and their interaction.
Location:China.
Time period: July and August 2019.
Major taxa studied: Fungal plant pathogens.
Methods: Through nationwide field surveys of 711 top- and subsoil samples in 51 cropland locations, we investigated the distribution patterns, environmental drivers and dominant taxa of fungal plant pathogens. We then conducted a mesocosm experiment with soils collected at 40 survey locations to evaluate the response patterns of fungal pathogens to global changes, including warming, nutrient enrichment and their interaction.
Results: We observed that the abundance and richness of potential soil-borne pathogens were higher in the topsoil than in the subsoil. Mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation as the main drivers had a stronger effect on the abundance, richness and community of pathogens in the topsoil than subsoil. Two phylotypes, belonging to genus Fusarium, were the dominant soil- borne pathogens accounting for approximately one third of total abundance, and their abundances (e.g. relative and absolute abundance via quantitative polymerase chain reaction) were negatively correlated with precipitation and temperature. The mesocosm experiment simulating global changes further revealed that the abundance and richness distributions of soil pathogens predicted the direction of their response to global changes, with a positive response in pathogen- poor soil and negative in pathogen- rich soil. We further con-structed spatial atlases of the dominant soil-borne pathogens and their responses to global changes in agricultural fields.
Main conclusions: Our findings suggest that the current distribution of potential soil-borne pathogens is regulated by climate, which could affect their future dynamics and is vital to agricultural practices for pathogen control and crop production.
目的:土传病原菌严重影响作物生产，但目前农业土传病原菌的分布及其对全球变化的响应尚未在大空间尺度上研究。这里我们研究了全国旱地农田土传真菌病原菌的分布模式、优势类群和环境驱动因素，以及它们对变暖、养分富集和共同作用的响应。
地点:中国。
时间:2019年7月至8月。
主要研究类群:真菌植物病原菌。
方法:通过对全国51个农田的711个耕作层和犁底层土壤样品的实地调查，揭示植物真菌病原菌的分布规律、环境驱动因素和优势类群。结合40个样点的微宇宙实验，以评估真菌病原菌对全球变化的响应模式，包括变暖、养分富集及其共同作用。
结果:耕作层土壤病原菌的丰度和丰富度均高于犁底层。年平均气温和年平均降水作为主要驱动因素，对耕作层病原菌丰度、丰富度和群落组成的影响强于犁底层。其中镰刀菌属(Fusarium)的2个系统型占病原菌总丰度的1 / 3左右，其绝对丰度与降水量和温度呈负相关。模拟全球变化的微宇宙实验进一步揭示了土壤病原菌丰度和丰富度的分布预示着其对全球变化的响应方向，在病原菌丰度较低的土壤中呈正响应，在病原菌丰度较高的土壤中呈负响应。我们进一步构建了土传病原菌的空间模式及其对农田全球变化的响应模式。
主要结论:我们的研究结果表明，土传病原菌的当前分布受到气候的调节，这可能影响它们未来的动态，对病原体控制和作物生产的农业实践至关重要。